So....I saw some people on a hardware forum glazing AMD again and acting like the 5800X3D is "the GOAT" of processors, and it's...not. Don't get me wrong, it's a solid processor, but it the grand scheme of things, I don't think it's "the GOAT." If anything, it's a rather average offering all things considered. But that got me wondering, what ARE the best CPUs of all time. We always talk about the "legendary" Q6600s, the 2600ks, and I kinda gotta ask, what's the modern equivalent of that? Spoilers, I'd probably say the 7800X3D for reasons I'll get to later, but let's have a discussion about this.
For reference, I only plan on going back to 2006 or so. My expertise is spotty before that and 20 years is a reasonable cutoff anyway. I'll primarily be focused on the generations, with limited discussion of individual CPUs, although I might point out a few standouts, particularly in the mid range and high end. I'm also focused exclusively on consumer grade CPUs, so not mobile, or HEDT, whatever. And another emphasis of mine is gaming performance. With that said, let's begin.
Core 2 Series (2006-2008)
So, the Core 2 Series was LEGENDARY. As discussed recently, the 360 and PS3 were built like high end PCs at the time. But because tech advanced a lot more quickly back then, those consoles were obsolete a year into their existence. LITERALLY. The 2006-2008 hardware jumps were INSANE. A core 2 Duo was such a massive performance over what came before it it literally obsoleted everything before it overnight. And a lot of those CPUs were pretty solid through the entire console generation. If you had like an E8400 or especially a Q6600, you were set until the end of the generation, with the dual cores struggling, but the quads holding strong. And then they got to jump to the next LEGENDARY CPUs. S tier.
One more thing I wanna mention, they did have a few different lines of these, I dont remember them well. I think the weaker ones were first, but then the second and third iterations where a lot stronger. Q6600 was technically first iteration, super expensive, but then it got cheap as the later ones ruled out. That one in particular deserves a shoutout.
Phenom I (2007-2008)
AMD was caught by core 2 with their pants down, and struggled to develop a compelling alternative. They matched intel on core count, but the single core performance was markedly worse, and intel dominated gaming charts. The fact is, these CPUs never aged well. The single core was a bit deficient, intel dominated charts, and by the time games used all those cores, there were better options on the market. Common trend for AMD in this history lesson. Not as bad as some CPUs on this list, but an underwhelming showing. D tier.
Nehalem (2008-2009)
Nehalem was a huge architectural leap forward for intel, but not a huge performance leap. This first gen had barely better performance than flagship core 2 quads, although it offered the performance at a lower price. It did establish the core i series as we know it, but it wasn't really super strong. Kind of moving sideways to move forward. The i5 760 and i7s aged better than other contemporary processors like core 2 and phenom, but they still didnt age well in the grand scheme of things. Kinda awkward. Not bad, but not great. B tier.
Phenom II (2009-2010)
So, I owned one of these things. It was a relatively budget series compared to intel, but it promsed similar performance. However, remember what I said about architecture? Yeah...
This was basically an answer to core 2...after intel had already moved on to their core i series. And remember those architectural improvements, yeah, the CPUs were about as powerful on paper, but due to being a bit more dated architecturally, they kinda fell on their face at times, and lacked instruction sets as they aged as well (a lot of older AMD CPUs struggled in this regard, it's why I have such dismal views of them mostly).
Still, not a terrible outing. The quad cores were the optimal choice here. They 6 cores but games wouldnt use more cores reliably until these were horribly outdated.
C tier.
Sandy bridge (2011)
The sandy bridge processors were THE GOAT processors of the entire 2010s I think. The 2500k was a solid CPU through the entire quad core era, with the 2600k arguably being solid until around like 2021. Seriously, if you had high end, you probably had the first 8-10 year processor. Like a solid 30-40% bump over what came before, and was the last real big bump until 2017. It was so good it basically heralded in the "intel stagnation era." S tier.
Bulldozer (2011)
While intel was having their best moment, AMD was having their worst. They somehow made a processor with weaker performance than their Phenom series. They had more cores, but again, more cores were kinda useless at this point in time. But yeah, between intel dominating gaming charts and AMD imploding, we got the intel stagnation era. F tier.
Ivy Bridge (2012)
Basically, more sandy bridge. Single digit gains. If you bought one of these you were likely golden, but they didnt offer anything not already offered. I cant hate on them since they dominated the gaming market and you still had solid longevity, but not as goated as sandy bridge. A tier.
Piledriver (2012)
So bad that AMD stopped making CPUs for 5 years. Im not kidding. I mean, it was their 2nd generation of bulldozer. It still sucked, but not as bad. At least it beat the phenoms by this point. Still, they trailed gaming charts big time. Between these and the phenoms, this is how AMD developed such a bad reputation overall. D tier.
Haswell (2013)
Sandy bridge 3.0. Not as goated and as long lasting as sandy bridge, although it did have newer instructions which helped. Still....B tier. Kind of a mid outing.
Devil's Canyon (2014)
Haswell refresh....this one is more popular primarily for the 4790k, which had higher clocks and was pretty solid, but yeah...more of the same. I'm probably gonna go A tier for the 4790k alone, as that was a solid 8-10 year processor, but other than that...just more stagnation.
Btw, during this era I was waiting to upgrade my phenoms but I didnt wanna get caught with the last quad core generation before intel moved on, and I was thinking, gee this is the 4th one in a row. Clearly the fever has to break at some point, right? My phenom aged like milk. Huge reason I gave it a C tier.
Skylake (2015)
The jump to DDR4 made it the biggest jump in years, and the 6700k was a solid 8 year CPU. Still, the normal quad core started showing its age a bit pretty early into its lifespan, so while the 2500k, 3570k, and 4650/4670k owners got a reasonable lifespan here, 6600k people very much didn't (see: BF5, a 2018 game). So...kind of a middling generation. 5th year of quad cores, set the 14nm standard, but still, it wasn't great. B tier.
Kaby Lake (2017)
So...remember what I said about not wanting to catch the last generation of quad cores? Yeah....I'm STILL holding out on a phenom II over here by this point. I wanted to wait for AMD Ryzen, but after disappointing gaming reviews, I bought a 7700k.
This was, perhaps, the WORST generation to upgrade. The i7s didnt age that badly. The 7700k was still a solid 6 year processor, but a 6 year i7 is pretty pathetic. Most i7s were like 8-10 year processors up to this point. And if you got anything below an i7...well....lets just say, you were already struggling with BF1 and BF5 ran like crap on quad cores. So this is perhaps one of the worst intel processors ever. I won't quite give it an F tier, but a D? Yeah. It aged like milk.
Zen 1 (2017)
*sigh*, I really chose a bad time to upgrade, didn't I? AMD really overpromised, in typical AMD fashion. I know AMD fanboys glaze ryzen, but let me explain why, to me, it felt like bulldozer's third coming. It was impressive on paper. it offered up to 8 cores with SMT in an era where intel offered only 4. But its cores were weaker, especially for gaming. Architecturally, it was a hot mess. Intel had an interconnect called "ring bus" which allowed fast low latency communication. It was why intel had faster gaming performance despite similar on paper specs. AMD had their CPU stretched over multiple tiles with what's called "infinity fabric." Between worse IPC, low clock speeds, and this latency penalty, the 1700 was running almost 35-40% behind a 7700k in single core gaming workloads. This led to very middling gaming performance. AMD fanboys swore it would give people more longevity, but at the high end...no, no it didn't. I have to say though, the 1600x was a compelling product vs the 7600k though. The extra cores did come in handy, although for most of the lineup, the two series traded blows with intel being favorable in gaming performance outside of the 1600 vs 7600k range. They just had better single thread while AMD threw cores at the problem. Still, I gotta give them credit for innovating. C tier.
Coffee Lake (2017-2018)
One thing Ryzen did do, it forced intel to get off of its butt and release more cores. The next few years would represent a massive shift in performance with the two companies going all out, and things shifting rapidly. By 2020, the i7 7700k would be an i3, and the if you bought anything other than coffee lake in 2017, you basically got the short end of the stick.
So...there's 2 iterations of coffee lake. The first bumped the i5 and i7 series up to 6 cores. The refresh also led to the first i9, being an 8 core 16 thread model. It was still on intel's 14nm process, but eh, it still was fast enough to BTFO Ryzen for gaming. THe 8600k offered 7700k like performance for a bit less money, and the 8700k is arguably GOAT status. It's hard to say though. Hardware unboxed recently reviewed all intel processors from 2017 on and coffee lake was more incremental than I thought. Still, I feel like if I had a 6 core I probably would've held onto it for a few more years, which...would've helped at the time, but then screwed me with rampocalypse and the 2020s' own version of stagnation.
Still, A for effort. A tier. I think A tier is fair here.
Zen+ (2018)
So, this was like Zen 1.5, and it was basically the 2000 series. Not gonna lie, the 2000 series is what I hoped the 1000 series would deliver on. Weaker single thread performance than intel, but closer to 20-25% rather than 30-40%. The 2700x was a solid 20-25% performance over the 1700. Still it was a bit too little too late by this point. While it wasn't awful, intel asserted itself as the gaming king by this point and it was fairly middling as a result. A good kaby lake killer, but not a coffee lake killer at all. I'll say C tier.
Zen 2 (2019)
While intel was stuck on 14nm+++ by this point, AMD was making strides in closing the gap. On paper, Zen 2 beat intel 14nm, but due to the interconnect I discussed with the latency penalty, it was still middling. Still, it closed the gap ENOUGH where I would finally say zen 2 was worth buying. Intel still had better single core, but AMD was offering SMT, and you could argue a 3600x would age better than, say, a 9600k. And I would say in retrospect it did. The 9600k was closer to the 3300x, a 4 core Zen 2 CPU that had SMT and due to being on one tile, lacked the latency penalty. I'd say a solid B tier offering here.
Comet lake (2020)
Intel, stuck on their Skylake process still, but needing to do something, upped the core counts again, this time matching AMD. And they could generally outperform AMD in gaming scenarios. By this point, the 6700k/7700k were i3s, the 8700k was an i5, and the 9900k was an i7. And then there was a 10 core 10900k. The architecture was clearly dated by this point, but they still had the edge over AMD, and while I cant say this aged super well given what was to come, it didn't age badly either. Considering its 6 years later, I'd still consider CPUs like this to be viable, albeit dated. B tier.
Zen 3 (2020-2022)
Okay, so, this IS where the magic really happened for AMD. Zen 3 is where AMD temporarily took the lead. Intel got stuck in 14nm++++ hell, and AMD kept innovating and learning from their own flaws. Intel stagnated. This one had the big architectural changes that turned AMD into the powerhouse that it is today. They upped their tile size to 8, so they could have 8 core CPUs with low latency, and then they created X3D a few years later, which supercharged their CPUs, completely overcoming AMD's historic gaming flaws and putting them ahead of the pack.
Still...is it an S tier goat? I'd say no. Mainly because their lead was temporary and while the series has aged gracefully, they were relatively quickly surpassed by future AMD and Intel products. Even the 5800 X3D had an intel answer at the time and that level of performance has since become comfortably midrange. It didnt quite have the dominance of say, the 2600k.
A tier.
Rocket Lake (2021)
I'm tempted to make a "challenger lake" joke, but that's too harsh and more apt for raptor lake. Rocket Lake is intel's "bulldozer" moment. They tried shifting to a new architecture, only for it to be worse than their last. The series has always been iffy, and honestly, it was always a poor value.
Still, it was a rather short lived mistake. D tier.
Alder Lake (2021)
Just like Zen 3 is what made AMD into what they are today, Alder Lake made intel into what they are. Alder lake is a very interesting series. It was compatible with both DDR4 and DDR5 RAM, with performance comparable to Zen 3 on DDR4, and surpassing it on DDR5. The 12900k even matched the 5800X3D, and that CPU was AMD's answer to intel temporarily taking back the gaming crown. Both CPUs offered similar performance, but zen 3 typically undercut intel on price.
Both CPUs are also still relevant today and available as budget options. Still, at the time, they were expensive.
In a way, Alder lake was intel's Zen moment in a good way. It not only featured a massive node jump, modernizing it, but it also introduced ecores, giving Intel unparalleled multithreaded performance. Ecores arent as fast as Pcores, but they're solid for adding multithreaded oomph.
On the downside, these CPUs ran very hot and were very power hungry. Not like they burned themselves out though. That's intel's next F up.
A tier. Very solid A tier. Arguably, the 12900k is a modern Q6600. I'll actually stand by that. Its multicore oomph is still i5 tier today, and its gaming performance keeps up with more modern mid tier performers. it also got quite a few price drops over time as further changes made it a compelling budget and midrange option. I bought one of these for this reason.
Zen 4 (2022-2023)
AMD made a jump to DDR5 here, and that put them back on top. They matched their 5800X3D performance with a normal 7700x, and their platform was arguably superior to Alder Lake. While quite expensive at first, it sported a 10% single thread advantage in performance, putting them on top again, although their CPUs had fewer cores than intel. Over time, it got cheaper though, as DDR5 became more affordable until recently, and the CPU and Mobo prices dropped, and now it's a solid option. The 7800X3D is arguably the GOAT, because it released in 2023, is now 3 years old, and intel has no real answer to it even now. And AMD's answer to it is...the 9800X3D...yeah...
All in all, if anything deserves an S tier, it's probably this. Still, I struggle to give it S tier. Even if the 7800X3D is the GOAT of modern gaming processors IMO, and I had an opportunity to buy one, I didn't, because of platform teething issues. DDR5 is kind of an unstable product, and its especially unstable on AMD's ecosystem. So I bought a 12900k instead, saving myself $100, and a lot of headaches in the process. Still, if I had to say any processor is the "GOAT" of the modern era, it's this. THis is the new 2600k, if anything is. A 5800X3D is arguably more like a 2500k, still a solid product, but it's not gonna age as gracefully. By this point, virtually all midrange CPUs get comparable gaming performance. So...A tier I guess. A very A tier that might get retroactively inducted into S tier.
Raptor Lake (2022-2023)
Remember that "Challenger Lake" joke I almost made with rocket lake? I'm gonna invoke that now. Remember how I said that Alder Lake was super hot and power hungry? Well, imagine you're intel, AMD releases Zen 4, and while it's not THAT much faster, you REALLY wanna keep that gaming crown, so you try pushing even MORE cores, with MORE power, and MORE clock speed.....and then it all kinda...blows up? Yeah. That's raptor lake.
On paper, it was a very solid series, perhaps not GOAT status, since it never had an answer to the 7800X3D, but it still gave AMD a good run for its money. It bumped the core counts again, turning the 13700k into an OCed 12900k, and 12900k performance was now gotten by a midrange 13600k. By this point, I was upgrading, and I was salivating over the 13600k, the 5800X3D, and while I did consider the 7800X3D when microcenter released a deal on it...again, RAM teething issues. Still, I ended up going 12900k for the lower price, and that's what it's big legacy was in a positive way. It set the bar for the modern era, driving the cost of modern CPUs down. You could now get 12900k/5800X3D performance for i5 prices. You had more cores than you knew what to do with, and to me, AMD offerings kinda looked quaint in compairson. I kinda realize by this point we're in another stagnation era. AMD is STILL offering 6-8 cores for R5s/R7s. While intel's offerings are 14 cores for a 13600k and up to 20 by the time the 14700k came out. And sure, it might be 2 ecores to a P core performance wise, but that's still a lot of processing power, while matching the gaming performance.
Too bad they fricking fried themselves from the voltage. And had manufacturing defects from oxidation issues. Really. I have to give them F tier just for that. Otherwise, a solid A tier.
Zen 5 (2024-2026)
the AMD stagnation era has officially begun. For most of the lineup, it was called Zen 5% for a reason. You got a 5% uplift. So we're talking intel 2010s era stagnation here. THe 9800X3D was the biggest improvement, further concentrating their lead over intel. And now they're refreshing it again with the 9850X3D. Stop, stop, they're already dead.
Still, on that front, I do wanna point something out. Most Zen processors that are X3D are R7s. Basically AMD's equivalent to an i7. They're premium products. When sandy bridge dominated, AMD CPUs performed closest to dual core i3s. Intel is still viable well into the i5 and i7 range here, especially with price cuts to older alder lake CPUs. LIke, the 9700x isnt anything special. Nor is the 9600x. AMD does have 6 core 7600X3Ds at like microcenter, and they are a compelling value these days, just note that it's buying a 6 core...in 2026. Idk, I kinda feel like that's a "7700k" move right there. It's fast...until games want more cores, which they will inevitably do. Not saying that its worth buying a multicored monster if youre a gamer only, but I do think that the 7800X3D/9800X3D are like the modern 8700k/9900k style CPUs, while the 7600X3D is like an 8600k, and the intel CPUs are closer to like...idk...zen 2700xs or 3700xs or something.
As such, Zen 5 is definitely not S tier either. Idk if anything is. I'm tempted to say B tier. It's the 2nd and 3rd iterations of the 7800X3D followed by rather mid offerings in the midrange. I dont think there is a clear S tier, the 7800X3D might quality as an S tier CPU, but the zen 4 series is more A tier IMO.
Arrow Lake (2024-2026)
So after Supernova lake blew up intel (I hope that isn't foreshadowing anything given "nova lake" is the next gen of intel parts to come out), intel kind of imploded into a white dwarf of failure, having their own bulldozer moment once again. I dont think their failure is AS bad as bulldozer, as that was so messed up it killed AMD for 5 years and intel enjoyed massive advantages at virtually all price ranges, something AMD has failed to achieve IMO, but yeah....Arrow lake is slower than raptor lake. They regressed to something akin to alder lake, stepping off the gas so the dont blow up their own CPUs any more, and redid their entire architecture, pulling a zen 1 move and moving toward a tile architecture with lots of latency. So...yeah. lots of raw CPU power, relatively poor gaming performance. Not awful awful, I feel like intel can actually compete at the midrange here, but they arent taking any gaming crowns here.
The refresh with the 250k, and 270k is regaining some momentum, but it's really just "congrats, you're back at the raptor lake levels of performance you achieved 4 years ago." We truly are in the new stagnation era...
Honestly. Arrow Lake gets a D tier. At least it didn't blow up. But still, a bit of a regression here followed by starting to dig itself out of a hole. I dont think this is truly as bad as bulldozer, but intel is clearly struggling here. Still, I do think that this is more like a zen 1 moment to say the least. Kind of a flawed reboot with inferior performance, with them already having their zen+ moment with the refresh.
Conclusion
And thats where we are. Later in 2026 or in early 2027, we're likely to see AMD release Zen 6 and intel to release Nova lake. Both are supposed to sport higher IPC gains, meaning we finally jump in single core performance. Core count boosts are supposed to happen too. AMD will offer 12 cores on a CCD, whereas intel is offering up to 52 cores, although I think their mainstream models will feature a more tame 28. Intel is also support to have a BLLC cache or something, which is supposed to counter X3D. So this can heat up and get interesting.
Still, I feel like my 12900k is a fricking Q6600 over here. 16 cores, 24 threads, decent single core, not the fastest, but it is looking to possibly be a legendary processor at this point. It should've been BTFOed by raptor lake and arrow lake, but between raptor lake...imploding...and arrow lake...also imploding in its own way...it's still standing up there. Not as fast as a premium X3D CPU but for a 5 year old CPU, it's aging quite gracefully. I cant see myself replacing this before 2030 at this rate.
So yeah, let's post the final results:
S tier
Core 2 (2006-2008), Sandy Bridge (2011)
A tier
Ivy Bridge (2012), Devil's Canyon (2014), Coffee Lake (2017-2018), Zen 3 (2020), Alder Lake (2021), Zen 4 (2022-2023)
B tier
Nehalem (2008), Haswell (2013), Skylake (2015), Zen 2 (2019), Comet Lake (2020), Zen 5 (2024-2026)
C tier
Phenom II (2009-2010), Zen 1 (2017), Zen+ (2018)
D tier
Phenom I (2007-2008), Piledriver (2012), Kaby Lake (2017), Rocket Lake (2021), Arrow Lake (2024-2026)
F tier
Bulldozer (2011), Raptor Lake (2022-2023)
HOnestly, some placements can be disputed. Zen 4 arguably belongs in S tier, I just didnt think its midrange offerings were really that special. Coffee lake is possibly S tier, but I dont think it aged as well as I thought it did in retrospect. Raptor lake was A tier in terms of on paper offerings, it just....fried itself. And yeah the positions are debatable. But honestly....
S tier- GOAT status
A tier- Strong offerings, but not quite GOAT status
B tier- A decent launch that didnt offer anything special but wasnt bad either.
C tier- Offerings were mediocre, but had some redeeming value
D tier- Bad and clearly lagging behind the competition, but not legendarily so
F tier- The greatest F ups of all time
And yeah. That's my tier list.