So....the DNC autopsy had this section where it started with 2008, and it went through every election cycle and summed it up. I'm gonna do so from my own perspective, and I'll outline why I think things swung a certain way and why it turned out as it did. Im going back to 2004 because it's the first cycle I'd say I was politically aware for, and I still think it's relevant.
2004- Red Wave
Bush rode a high after 9/11 where the GOP was able to win elections it otherwise would have lost. While the party took power in 2000 and by conventional knowledge I'd expect 2002 to be blue and 2004 to be up for debate, 2002 was deep red because the country unified around Bush. This started to fade by 2004 somewhat, as democrats turned against the Iraq War, but generally speaking, Bush was able to hold his coalition together enough to seal a win.
I dont think Kerry was a compelling candidate either. I mean, he kinda just seemed like another third way centrist and republican enthusiasm just seemed...higher. I was a republican at the time, and while I couldnt vote, I would've done so in Bush's favor, both based on Christian moral values (see: abortion, gay marriage), but also the war in Iraq, as I was inclined to believe democrats just hated America and were unpatriotic at the time. Still, it was a narrow win, showing the dem coalition had some support. But yeah, I would argue there was an enthusiasm gap there in favor of republicans.
2006- Blue Wave
The democrats won big in 2006 as the country turned hard on Bush and the republicans. The war in iraq dragged on, there were no WMDs and with troop surges and fear of a draft, a lot of Americans wanted out of the war. On the domestic front, Bush dropping the ball on Katrina, and rising gas prices also contributed to poor conservative performance. This is the first election I could vote in and I did a split ticket. Some Rs, some Ds. I tended to view myself as a republican still, but I was moderating somewhat quickly, realizing that the Bush years werent all they were cracked up to be.
2008- Blue wave
Bush's troubles got even worse. Iraq was massively unpopular. The national debt was a growing concern. The Great Depression devastated him. By this point, I feel like we were experiencing a full on national rejection of Bush's neoconservatism. Obama offered a left wing vision of "hope and change", but his campaign felt vapid AF. Still, didnt stop a lot of super enthusiastic college students from voting for him. Really, the enthusiasm for Obama made him seem very overrated for me. Still, conservative circles felt like a funeral at the time, so...yeah. Like the writing was on the wall, we were screwed, no one really liked McCain. He represented Bush's brand of conservatism that was unpopular. You start seeing faint outlines of what the tea party would become as people wanted a return to a more pure form of conservatism, and I was a bit of a ron paul stan in this era. Ultimately, we fell in line behind McCain on the right, as we were convinced Obama was a massive threat who had to be stopped and he was some raging communist, but ultimately, the enthusiasm for "hope and change" won. Again, I cite an enthusiasm gap here. I really do believe elections are won or lost on enthusiasm.
2010- Red Wave
Obama's enthusiasm waned as he got into office though. Progressives were unhappy he governed like a moderate. That massive army of college students stayed home. Conservatives were fired up over the national debt, Obamacare, and Obama "ruining" the country in vague ways, and the right distanced itself from neoconservatism and embraced something closer to the libertarian conservatism that I was supportive of at the time. The Ron Paul movement might have failed in a way, but it also gave rise to the tea party, which took the aggressive approach of attacking the democrats on all fronts and stopping progress at all costs. This lack of progress frustrated democrats, and the republicans were still fired up. Again, enthusiasm gap.
2012- Blue Wave
Im speaking for myself, but I feel like people got what they voted for in 2010...and they didnt like it. The agenda was too extreme, and people seeing it in action were like NO, NOT LIKE THIS. For some, it might have been just a disagreement in strategy, for me, I kinda just realized that conservative ideas were actually bad and abandoned the GOP. A lot led to my own decision here. Deconversion from Christianity, the great recession, Bush's foreign policy, and of course, just seeing conservative ideals put into practice.
Romney was also a weak candidate. He wasnt extreme enough for the tea party, so enthusiasm was low there, and he wasn't resonating during the great recession. As it turns out, trying to slash social programs to give rich people tax cuts in order to "create jobs" isn't popular, and Romney came off as an out of touch rich person who was fronting an extreme tea party agenda behind him. It didn't resonate, and people rallied around Obama and the democrats.
This election cycle is what defined my own politics more than any other. I shifted left during this cycle, and the politics of it still shape my politics today. Between my secular humanism and anti fundamentalist christianity mindset, to the anti trickle down narratives that culminated in UBI centric human centered capitalism for me. Nowadays, we dont think much about 2012, but I feel like I was at that proper age range where its lessons just...resonated.
2014 - Red Wave
However, Obama ended up being a lame duck. While he originally came off as the adult in the room and tried compromise with the GOP it very much didn't work. And while that reasonableness gap made me support Obama in 2012, by 2014 it was getting old. by this point, I was entirely polarized against the GOP, and I was really wanting the democrats to fight back. But they didn't. Here in PA, we went blue to get rid of our tea party governor tom corbett, but it seems like nationally, the dems did poorly. It seemed like it was a combination of gerrymandering from the 2011 redistricting combined with low enthusiasm TBQH. And for me, my solution was this: we need to create a blue wave so big it BTFOs the republicans. The democrats need to FIGHT, not just sit back and compromise and play nice. Really, dems arent enthused, and Obama was just this lightning rod that made the remains of what seemed like a dying GOP very polarized against him. But yeah. it did seem like eventually, the GOP coalition would die. The dems just gotta be more assertive, and given the lagging impacts of the recession, they needed to offer change.
2016 - Red Wave
As I stated, this didnt have to be a red wave. I think that the continuation of 2014 dynamics is what killed us. Clinton was very demotivational. No one really liked her. it seemed like she ran on this idea that it was her turn, and her entire campaign was designed to bully people into voting for her. Seriously, I have never seen such an out of touch campaign. Holy crap, as demonstrated in the previous article, she THREW it away! And then trump, he tapped into a lot of latent populist anger in the country over the economy, and that really swung it for him. Yes yes, racism, christian nationalism, and all that crap mattered too. but the dems would face that regardless, the GOP is just a party of voltorbs. A bunch of really pissed off people on the brink of a mass chain reaction of self destructs. But they are(were) a minority, and the dems should easily defeat these people if they embraced a more populist strategy. They didn't. And this is where the root of our current problems lies. This was a realigning cycle. And we got the crap realignment.
2018- Blue Wave
While trump's base remained very loyal to him, the rest of the country quickly turned against the buffoon. Dems went into full TDS mode (IMO), acting like he was 2nd term trump in his first term, and that just served to radicalize the trumpers more IMO as they realized no matter what they did WE'D act like a bunch of angry voltorbs too, and they just took the lesson I was hoping we'd learn and ran with it. Still, the dems were very fired up and independents swung against the trump coalition hard, leading to a comfortable win for the dems.
2020- Blue Wave
While the first mid term after a new president seems to swing hard against said president, the reelection tends to favor the president more weakly. Both bases are fired up, and typically, the status quo is maintained. Still, Trump BARELY won in 2016, and it seemed like a fluke, and Trump massively F-ed up COVID. So people swung against him for Biden. Still, the dems did seem to have some lagging enthusiasm as Biden was just more Hillary, and the win wasnt as strong or decisive as it should have been. While dems had high vote totals, they seemed to vote more against trump than for Biden IMO, and Trump STILL maintained a strong showing, showing that his 2016 base of support wasnt a fluke. And of course, when they lost, Trump screamed it was rigged and his supporters threw a temper tantrum at the capitol. It seems like Trump's biggest legacy up to this point was division. People were polarized either for or against him. But what happens after the dems retake the white house? Well, if it's true that the dems are only winning because of opposition to trump, and not enthusiasm for democrats, you can expect that enthusiasm to dissolve and the republicans to start winning again.
2022- Red Trickle
And sadly, this is basically what happened. The 2021 local elections were really bad for democrats, and 2022 looked like it was gonna be an apocalpytic red wave. Enthusiasm for democrats was very low, and republicans were still fired up. However, the republicans made one mistake: overturning roe v wade. The second this happened, the polls shifted more toward democrats, and while the republicans still took the house, the democrats minimized the damage and it was a pretty good night for them. So this was a bit of a stay of execution for the democratic party, where they got to walk away with a soft "win."
2024- Red Wave
However, that surge of adrenaline that spared the democrats in 2022 wore off by 2024. The democrats reached very low enthusiasm levels, while the GOP was fired up. Biden was NEVER gonna win. He was ALWAYS behind. And post debate, the bottom REALLY fell out where the dems were forced to pressure him to drop out and replaced him with Harris. Harris did bring some enthusiasm back in the into the party, but quickly lost it as she ran another centrist tone deaf campaign. While the election was close, Donald Trump prevailed, and the democrats once again suffered from an enthusiasm gap that proved fatal to them.
Future election predictions
2026- Blue wave
2026 is shaping up to be a blue wave as independent voters turn against Trump in a big way, and democratic enthusiasm has recovered as Trump is once again a target of ire by the party. I would expect democrats to win big and republicans to lose big. See: 2006, 2018.
2028- Blue wave
I expect 2028 to be a lot like 2020 or 2008 in that there's high energy for democrats, especially to remove a highly unpopular administration. However, the exact nature of the campaign remains to be seen. Will this simply be another oppositional campaign with little substance behind it, or will the democrats run someone transformational? Where we go from there depends on these answers.
2030- Red wave
With the democrats presumably having a trifecta, they have 2 years to get things done before they lose power. The republicans will likely be fired up against the democrats, and democratic enthusiasm will likely start to wane. If the dems simply run another oppositional campaign and govern from the center again, I expect the dem enthusiasm to drop a lot. If the dems run a more popular agenda, I expect the results to be better for them. Still, I'd give an edge to the republicans. See: 2010, 2022.
2032- Blue wave
Second term reelections tend to be purpleish in my experience, but I generally favor the incumbent (see: 2004, 2012). 2020 and 2024 flipped because of extreme circumstances in 2020, and both 2016 and 2020 being close elections themselves, meaning Trump/Biden had nowhere to go but down, and couldn't clear the hurdle needed to comfortably win a reelection. Still, Id expect 2028 to be a much more decisive dem election than 2020. And I do think that lingering republican skepticism post trump, the loss of support as the GOP enters a post trump era, and the dems having enough of a buffer to guard against mild to moderate enthusiasm loss will lead to a situation where the democrat narrowly wins here.
2034- Red wave
I expect a 2006/2014 style red wave here as the president's party experiences a widespread loss of support and enthusiasm while the GOP is fired up against them to happen here.
2036- Red wave
Unless the democrats REALLY knock it out of the park with a highly transformational candidate (see: 1940, 1988), I would expect them to lose to a republican in 2036. At which point, the 8 year cycle reverses itself.
Past that: 2038- blue wave, 2040- red wave, 2042- blue wave, 2044- blue wave, 2046- red wave, 2048- blue wave, 2050- red wave, 2052- red wave.
It's possible something anomalous can throw off the cycle, but yeah, politics is pretty cyclical and I would generally expect that overall cycle to continue to happen into the future for the most part.
Conclusions
So what can we conclude?
1) With exceptions, American politics is driven by 8 year cycles in which the public generally votes against the current incumbents.
2) Underlying the cycle, elections are won or lost by enthusiasm. It's easier for opposition parties to run on high enthusiasm as they can just attack the existing governing party, while incumbent parties need to govern. Most americans seem to vote against current people hoping the other party will be better.
3) This cycle can be disrupted in times of significant division, and where the president's party's enthusiasm really bombs (or was never high to begin with due to a narrow initial win).
4) Republicans seem to have more consistent enthusiasm. I would credit this due to them having a vision they believe in that they're willing to fight for, as well as an existential fear that the other side fundamentally opposes those values. Democrats, on the other hand, tend to struggle more with enthusiasm, due to the fact that they lack a cohesive brand that cultivates the same level of brand loyalty, and they seem to rely more on sheer opposition to the other side rather than support for their own side. This gives republicans an edge.
5) (Historical observation), during times of party realignments that clearly favor one party, the cycle can be lengthened. The Reagan revolution caused the cycle to last 12 years before Bill Clinton was elected. Franklin Roosevelt led to 20 year period of democratic dominance. Lincoln led to a 16 year period of dominance. Eventually, the ruling coalition will lose enthusiasm, but it can sometimes take much longer during realignment periods, causing the ruling party to control the narrative of politics. Part of the reason the republicans do so well is because we're still in the aftermath of the reagan revolution, with no clear realignment since.
6) While Trump is arguably a realigning figure, this time period represents deepening polarization without a clear ideological winner. The Trump coalition is high enthusiasm for what it is, but it's also small and he tends to lose independents quickly. However, democrats lack the same kind of brand loyalty on their side causing them to bottom out more quickly/easily. If this is a realignment and not a messy dealignment period leading to a more transformational realignment, this situation resembles most closely the Jacksonian democrats vs the whigs, where jackson's coalition had high enthusiasm around a rambunctious populist, while the whigs were a substanceless oppositional party who eventually imploded into irrelevance.
7) The fate of the 7th party system depends on the democrats. If they are able to wrestle back control of the narrative from the republicans, they can enact generational change that can change the dynamics to make future politics more favorable to them. If they faiil to do so, Trump will be the transformational figure by default, dooming us to another generation of strong republicans and weak democrats. I do not know what direction the country will go in but right now we are on the more negative of these two timelines.
And yeah, that's generally how I view politics, and what my theory of elections is. While politics is cyclical, the republicans are the dominant party and the democrats the more submissive party. Some call this the sun and moon party hypothesis. If you wanna be kinky about it, you could call it the dom and sub hypothesis. Either way, unless the dems sieze the moment and take control of the system from the republicans through a generationally transformative candidate, the democrats are doomed to another generation as the moon and the republicans are all but guaranteed to be the sun party.
And yeah, that's the real lesson dems need to learn AND FAST, because I've been saying variations of this since 2016 and they still havent fricking got the message.